- India gold imports in H1, 2017 greater than all of 2016
- India imported 521 tonnes of gold in first half of 2017
- H1 figure for gold imports $22.2 Bln versus $23 Bln in all '16
- Gold demand was up 15% year- on-year in the first quarter
- June gold imports climbed to an estimated 75 tonnes from 22.7 tonnes a year ago
- Annual total set to surpass 900 tons, strongest year since '12
- “I trust gold more than the currencies of countries” - 63% of Indians in Survey
Editor: Mark O'Byrne
Gold imports into India have surged in the last six months thanks to festivals, economic recovery and concerns over a new tax regime and the push for the cashless society in India.
Imports totalled 521 tonnes in the first half of this year, compared to just 510 tonnes in all of 2016.
Should buying levels continue then India could end 2017 having imported over 900 tonnes, a level not seen since 2012.
These figures are impressive given where the country’s gold demand was at the end of the 2016. The low figure of just 510 tonnes imported in the entire year was mainly thanks to a range of political and economic issues which had a more negative role than anyone foresaw.
Many of those issues are now resolved, but some had lingering effects. Some good, some bad. So it is with tentative celebration that we look at this boost in gold demand from the world’s second-largest lover of gold and ask how the country has begun to favour gold once again and if it will continue at pace.
2016: A tough year for gold buyers
Last year physical gold demand - for gold coins, gold bars and jewelery - in India hit a seven year low not because of a loss in interest in the precious metal but thanks to a range of political and economic factors.
The biggest of these events was of course the sudden announcement by the government to immediately remove all Rs500 and Rs1,000 notes by 30 December. A total of Rs15.44 trillion ($220 billion) – or 86% of the currency in circulation – was abandoned almost overnight.
Whilst many internationally and in India itself, especially their many small and medium enterprises, looked on in horror at the impact this had on savers and on the economy, the Governor of the Reserve Bank of India, Urjit Patel’s prediction that the economic recovery would be ‘V’ shaped has come to fruition.
The World Gold Council’s June newsletter draws attention to two significant indicators, the Composite PMI and the sale of motorcycles, which have demonstrated this V-recovery.
The sale of motorcycles are a good indicator of the health of India’s cash economy. Last year sales halved in one month, to their lowest in six years. The PMI dropped to its lowest level on record. Both have since rebounded.
Whilst there are still some controls on cash, new money has been printed and is making its way into circulation. Cash in circulation has increased by 58% in the first half 2017, this will no doubt help the economy past the liquidity squeeze.
2016 wasn’t just about the war-on-cash in India. The gold market was also negatively affected by a prolonged jewellers strike. Sales of gold were crippled across the country as a result. The strike is now over and supply of jewellery to the market has reportedly returned to normal levels.
Cashless push, good for gold
In the short-term the removal of 86% of the country’s cash was clearly damaging to physical gold demand and there are some lingering effects that will continue to impact the market.
The first of these is that as of April 1 2017, all cash transactions over RS200,000 (US$3,000) are banned. This is likely to prove problematic for those in rural areas where access to banking, cheques and electronic payments is not common.
We obviously don’t know what the impact of this will be. It may curb gold purchases all together, or we may see a change in gold buying behaviour namely pushing demand onto the black market or buyers spreading their purchases over a period of time.
The above is a negative, but something which is only likely to impact in the short-term. If at all, it may not given the ruling came into play in April and purchases have remained strong since then. Ultimately over time buying behaviours will change rather than the desire to hold gold.
How do we know this? Aside from India’s gold demand holding strong over hundreds of years a fantastic World Gold Council survey carried out last year found the following results:
“I trust gold more than the currencies of countries.”
63% of respondents in India agreed with the statement.
“Gold makes me feel secure for the long-term.”
And 73% of respondents in India agreed with the statement.
Whilst the survey was carried out before November 2016, we have little doubt that the sentiments echoed in the WGC’s survey are even stronger given the somewhat underhanded way in which the government went about removing cash from circulation - and the severe impacts on many ordinary Indian savers and business people.
Will strong demand keep going?
Whilst the country appears to have recovered from the demonetisation of November-December 2016, there are new factors which will both negatively and positively impact the demand for physical gold.
One of these is the new change and simplification of the GST. Last month the government announced an increase of GST on gold products from 1.2% to 3%.
It is likely that much of the rush to buy gold in the first half of the year was partly due to concerns over the forthcoming rate hike. Gold dealers were likely looking to stock up on gold, ahead of any planned increases in the price. Therefore we may see a drop in demand now the GST rate has been announced and recently implemented.
Or we may not. The change in GST could add some much needed efficiencies to the Indian gold market. Despite the increase in GST, the move was ultimately welcomed by the gold market who had expected a higher hike, to perhaps 5%.
As the WGC wrote in last month’s report: GST should eliminate double taxation and improve supply chain efficiencies. It can make the gold industry more transparent which, coupled with recent hallmarking legislation, should ensure gold buyers have confidence in the gold products they buy, rather than continuing to suffer from the gross level of under-carating they have previously endured.
This is particularly good news when you consider the inflation-busting wage hike that government employees and pensioners are due this year. This will no doubt support demand for physical gold as will the additional income farmers are currently enjoying following the bumper agricultural crop in 2016, following the best monsoon in three years.
Gold demand cannot be calmed in India
Both rural and city incomes are set to climb in the coming months thanks to these factors, so it is unlikely a small increase in tax will put off anyone intending to buy gold.
Of course, in the short term it is likely GST will pose challenges for the industry, particularly for small artisan jewellers. But overall the move is likely to put more confidence in the marketplace.
Like everything in markets, pictures tell a very different story when you look at the long and short-term factors. Last year, gold demand in India was very weak. Stories circulated about the growing middle-class and their lack of interest in the gold that the older generations have so desired.
Long-term, there have always been changing fortunes, changing government policies and factors which will both positively and negatively impact the demand for gold. However, gold demand has always remained strong and India, alongside China, remains the world’s top gold buyers.
Conclusion
Observers are right to be positive about Indian gold demand in the long-term. Economic growth will likely continue to push demand higher thanks to the groundswell of young Indians set to enter the workplace, growing middle class incomes and the poor performance of the rupee as a store of value.
There will inevitably be peaks and troughs and ebbs and flows along the way, but gold will remain a key part of the Indian 'saving DNA'. Therefore India will continue to be a vital and significant source of demand in the global gold market.
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12 Jul: USD 1,219.40, GBP 947.60 & EUR 1,064.29 per ounce
11 Jul: USD 1,211.90, GBP 938.98 & EUR 1,063.68 per ounce
10 Jul: USD 1,207.55, GBP 938.63 & EUR 1,060.11 per ounce
07 Jul: USD 1,220.40, GBP 944.47 & EUR 1,068.95 per ounce
06 Jul: USD 1,224.30, GBP 946.14 & EUR 1,077.51 per ounce
05 Jul: USD 1,221.90, GBP 945.87 & EUR 1,078.45 per ounce
04 Jul: USD 1,224.25, GBP 947.32 & EUR 1,078.81 per ounce
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11 Jul: USD 15.51, GBP 12.02 & EUR 13.61 per ounce
10 Jul: USD 15.22, GBP 11.82 & EUR 13.36 per ounce
07 Jul: USD 15.84, GBP 12.29 & EUR 13.88 per ounce
06 Jul: USD 16.01, GBP 12.36 & EUR 14.09 per ounce
05 Jul: USD 15.95, GBP 12.36 & EUR 14.09 per ounce
04 Jul: USD 16.15, GBP 12.48 & EUR 14.23 per ounce
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