The stock price of Tesla Motors (TSLA) has soared along with the recent announcement
that pre-orders (i.e. a fully-refundable $1k deposit) for its Model 3 are approaching
400,000 units. The Model 3 is purported to sell eventually for an estimated
$35,000; and is Silicon Valley's inexpensive electric vehicle (EV) offering
that appears to be affordable for everyone; except Tesla that is.
After all, Tesla loses more than $4,000 on each of its high-end Model S electric
sedans; and that model's cost is between $70 and $108k. With margins like that
one has to assume a $35k Model 3 can't be the answer to solving Tesla's red
ink.
Tesla's income statement reveals the company is hemorrhaging cash at a robust
clip. Furthermore, according to "The Street Ratings", their net profit margin
of -26.38% is significantly below that of the industry average. The company
has a quick ratio of 0.49, which means they have .49 cents in available cash
to pay every $1 of current liabilities.
Worse than its lousy earnings and cash flow, Tesla is grossly overvalued compared
to its peers. Tesla's market cap is $33 billion, compared to Fiat Chrysler
(FCAU) at just $10 billion and Ferrari at $8 billion. Being valued at 3x more
than FCAU--an established and profitable company--looks especially absurd when
considering FCAU produces annual sales of over $120 billion while TSLA produces
revenue of only $4 billion.
Furthermore, Tesla's market cap is 66% of General Motors market cap. This
is despite the fact that General Motors has a history of selling ten million
cars at a profit each year and Tesla sold less than one hundred thousand cars
last year at a loss. They would have to sell 6.6 million cars this year to
justify its current valuation. With less than 400,000 cars on pre-order that
doesn't appear likely anytime soon. And those orders for the Model 3 are fading
fast. During the first week of reservations Mr. Musk indicated there were 325k
pre-orders. In week two the company claimed it received pre-orders that were "approaching" 400k.
And in week number three, Tesla reported the total number of orders were "almost" 400k.
At that rate it will be hard to imagine it could reach that 6.6 million vehicles
sold benchmark.
But perhaps Tesla isn't about current profitability or cash flow; Tesla is
all about the man and the company's future... after all, Elan Musk landed a
rocket on a barge.
But those who actually know the auto industry are not so sure. In a February
interview with CNBC's Squawk Box, Former GM executive Bob Lutz notes that "[TSLA]
costs have always been higher than their revenue...They always have to get
more capital. Then they burn through it."
First, he notes that on the back of falling oil prices demand for electric
vehicles (EVs) is slowing. Second, there is growing competition that will cut
into Tesla's margins as prices for EVs fall. Tesla has a lot of competition
over the next few years. The industry is already awaiting the Apple car with
baited breath that is set to launch in four years. And GM's Chevy Bolt is similarly
priced with a similar range and is set to come out this year. And then we have
the Nissan Leaf expected to more competitive in the coming months and years.
And add to that first generation vehicles like the BMW i3.
And in China, they have the EV Company LeEco, which recently unveiled its
very first electric car that includes self-driving and self-parking capability
using voice commands via a mobile app. Besides LeEco, there is another Chinese
EV automaker that sold more electric cars last year than Tesla, Nissan or GM,
it's called BYD Co. and is now targeting the U.S. market.
Lutz believes that competition from industry heavyweights like these could "kill" Tesla
in the future. "The major OEMs like GM, Ford, Toyota, Volkswagen, etc...they
have to build electric cars, a certain number, in order to satisfy the requirements
in about half of the states. Those have to be jammed into the marketplace,
otherwise they can no longer sell SUVs and full-size pickups and the stuff
that they really make money on. So that is going to generically depress the
prices of electric vehicles," Lutz warns.
Lutz also explains that companies such as General Motors will not be making
any money on their "Tesla killer". They are making these vehicles to appease
Washington. Luz notes, "The majors are going to accept the losses on the electric
vehicles as a necessary cost of doing business in order to sell the big gasoline
stuff that people really want. Well, Tesla does not have that option,"
But Musk has a strategy for driving down the cost of his electric car that
hinges on achieving economies of scale, bringing down the production cost of
the battery pack by 30%. This hinges on the success of their future Nevada
home called the "Gigafactory".
The Gigafactory is a one-stop shopping in battery pack production. The company
currently buys battery packs through a deal with Panasonic and has partnered
with Panasonic in this venture. Production volume at the Gigafactory is anticipated
be the equivalent of 30 gigawatt-hours per year; this would mean the Gigafactory
would produce more storage than all the lithium battery factories in the world
combined. The $5 billion dollar plant is as big as the Pentagon Tesla, and
Tesla is hoping to produce 500,000 lithium ion batteries annually.
Musk recently laid out his Energy-branded battery ambition in rock star glory.
At the event spectacle, Musk declared that his batteries would someday render
the world's energy grid obsolete. "We are talking about trying to change the
fundamental energy infrastructure of the world," he said.
Musk envisions his affordable, clean energy will one day power the remote
villages of underdeveloped countries as well as allowing the average homeowner
in industrial nations to go off the grid.
But before you sever your ties with your electrical company, it's worth noting
that not everyone thinks Musk's plans are achievable - at least not in the
time frame he envisions.
Panasonic, the supplier of the lithium-ion cells that form the foundation
of Tesla's batteries, and partner on the company's forthcoming battery factory
- calls Musk's claims a lot of hyperbole.
Phil Hermann, chief energy engineer at Panasonic Eco Solutions, notes: "We
are at the very beginning in energy storage in general." "Most of the projects
currently going on are either demo projects or learning experiences for the
utilities. There is very little direct commercial stuff going on." "Elon Musk
is out there saying you can do things now that the rest of us are hearing and
going, 'really?' We wish we could, but it's not really possible yet."
And far from the grand stage with little fanfare buried in their November
10Q Tesla also sought to tamper investor's expectations: "Given the size and
complexity of this undertaking, the cost of building and operating the Gigafactory
could exceed our current expectations, we may have difficulty signing up additional
partners, and the Gigafactory may take longer to bring online than we anticipate."
With a company saddled with debt and cash-strapped, who is going to shoulder
the burden of a delay in the Gigafactory realizing its full potential? That
would be shareholders through stock dilution or the American tax payer - but
most likely a combination of both. There are those who believe that Musk's
real genius is in following government subsidies.
According to the Los Angeles Times, all of Musk's ventures: Tesla Motors Inc.,
SolarCity Corp. and Space Exploration Technologies Corp., known as SpaceX,
together have benefited from an estimated $4.9 billion in government support.
The figure underscores a common theme running through his emerging empire:
a public-private financing model underpinning long-shot start-ups.
Tesla's model relies strongly on a "green" administration. In a recent filing
they note:" We currently benefit from certain government and economic incentives
supporting the development and adoption of electric vehicles. In the United
States and abroad, such incentives include, among other things, tax credits
or rebates that encourage the purchase of electric vehicles. Nevertheless,
even the limited benefits from such programs could be reduced, eliminated or
exhausted..." In certain circumstances, there is pressure from the oil and
gas lobby or related special interests to bring about such developments, which
could have some negative impact on demand for our vehicles."
The promise is that the Tesla stockholders and the tax subsidizing public
will greatly benefit from major pollution reductions as electric cars break
through as viable alternative and gain access to mass-market production.
But are electric cars really good for the environment?
First, it's important to note that at this time, these cars don't power themselves
- they are plugged into an outlet in your garage that connects to an electric
power plant, and there is a good chance that you may be one of the 33% of Americans
whose power plant is burning the dirtiest fossil fuel of all...coal. So in
effect, you may as well be filling up your gas tank with coal, and coal-burning
power plants emit not only CO2 but also other venomous gases such as nitrogen
oxides and sulfur dioxide in greater quantities than traditional gas-powered
cars.
Furthermore, there are a lot of environmental questions about the lithium
battery itself. In a 2012 study titled "Science for Environment Policy" published
by the European Union, a comparison was made of the lithium ion batteries to
other types of batteries available such as; lead-acid, nickel-cadmium, nickel-metal-hydride
and sodium Sulphur. They concluded that the lithium ion batteries have the
largest impact on metal depletion, making recycling more complicated. Lithium
ion batteries are also the most energy consuming technologies requiring an
equivalent of 1.6kg of oil per kg of battery produced. Furthermore, they ranked
the worst in greenhouse gas emissions with up to 12.5kg of CO2 equivalent emitted
per kg of battery.
Next, you need to understand how lithium is mined. Lithium, in its purest
form, must be mined through hard rock or salar brines. According to Friends
of the Earth, an environmental group, salar brines, the most economical way
of obtaining lithium, destroys the environment. They state: "The extraction
of lithium has significant environmental and social impacts, especially due
to water pollution and depletion. In addition, toxic chemicals are needed to
process lithium. The release of such chemicals through leaching, spills or
air emissions can harm communities, ecosystems and food production. Moreover,
lithium extraction inevitably harms the soil and also causes air contamination."
Simply stated, batteries such as Panasonic's automotive grade li-ion batteries
that are developed jointly by Panasonic and Tesla and are in the Model S have
a substantially negative effect on health and the environment.
The plain truth is owning a Tesla is not as green as Elon Musk would like
you to believe. And for environmentalists to put all of their faith on Evs
to cut down on greenhouse gases could end up diverting attention from greener
alternatives to power autos. And although Musk is a genius and a visionary;
it is also true that Tesla has an unproven business model and a stock that
is massively overpriced. According to industry experts, Musk will find it improbable
ever to turn a profit with its mass-produced Model 3. Even if some year in
the distant future there exists the charging infrastructure and pricing available
to make Electric Vehicles conducive to supplant the internal combustion engine,
Tesla faces an onslaught of competition that will most likely drive its profit
margins further into the red for years to come. Avoiding TSLA stock at the
current mindless valuation could not only benefit the environment...but also
end up saving your retirement as well.
