Right now I'm on a Metro North train heading the NYC. I’ve been invited to
sit on an advisory council at the UN on building a sustainable energy future.
I’ll let you know how the meeting goes, after I take a
few selfies to immortalize the experience in case I'm not invited
back.
Why might I not? Because I can either be a good boy, hold my tongue, and
get to serve on more committees (maybe); or I can speak the truth as I see
it.
It's not a hard decision: I'll be going with the latter. I really don’t
know how to do differently any more; it’s a matter of internal integrity.
Now, I may not understand the ‘truth’ any better than the next person. But
I do have access to a lot of data that seems to confirm this one idea: Humanity
is not going to painlessly wean itself off of fossil fuels.
Instead, we’ll hit some sort of a wall: be it a food/population crisis, a
climate crisis, or a debt/fiscal/economic crisis. Each of those
candidates has it roots in our global society's addition to fossil fuels.
No growth in fossil fuels and we get no growth in our debt-based economy.
Translation: we’ll have a debt/financial crisis.
No fossil fuels and our entire method of industrial agriculture breaks
down. Food crisis anyone?
Now, we won’t suddenly run out of fossil fuels. But we are going
to find it increasingly difficult to extract more and more of them. And other
limits like oceanic acidification and climate change may force us to move
away from fossil fuels for a totally different set of reasons.
No matter the path we take, we need to transition sooner or later. We
should know that.
Poor Math
One of the things I did in the book
version of The Crash Course was to run the basic numbers to make the case
that, unless we immediate decide to pursue the equivalent of a Manhattan
Project (times) an Apollo Project (times) some whole number like 10, we're
not going to make anything even remotely resembling a seamless transition to
alternative energy.
Fortunately, there are now more groups carefully studying the math and
making the same case:
Renewable energy demands the undoable
Mar 27, 2016
LONDON, 27 March, 2016 – The world is increasingly investing in renewable
energy. Last year, according to UN figures, global investment in solar power,
wind turbines and other renewable forms of energy was $266 billion.
But right now, the report says, renewable energy sources deliver
just 10.3% of global electrical power. Neither the report’s authors
nor anyone else thinks that is enough to slow climate change driven by rising
global temperatures as a consequence of greenhouse gas emissions from fossil
fuels.
In the last century, this has already climbed by 1°C. In Paris in
December 2015, 195 nations agreed on a global plan to limit global warming to
a figure no more than 2°C above the long-term average for most of
human history.
This will be difficult, according to Glenn Jones, professor
of marine sciences at Texas A&M University in the US.
In 2015, the world installed the equivalent of 13,000 five-megawatt wind
turbines. But to contain global warming to a figure less than 2°C
nations would have to ramp up renewable investment by 2028 to the annual
equivalent of 485,000 such wind turbines.
“That’s a 37-fold increase in the annual installation rate in only
13 years just to achieve the wind power goal,” Professor Jones said.
(Source)
There’s some really important information in this study, not the least of
which is the realization that, to achieve just the wind power goal, the world
would have to increase its rate of wind tower installation by 3,700% (or 37
fold).
This translates into going from installing 36 towers per day (the current
rate) to 1,329 per day. Every day. 365 days a year. For 13 years straight.
With no breaks.
But our fossil fuel addiction goes well beyond the desire/need for electricity.
Transportation fuels are just as essential to our current human condition.
The article continues:
He and a colleague argue in the journal Energy Policy that during each
hour of every day 3.7 million barrels of oil are pumped from wells; 932,000
tons of coal are dug; 395 million cubic metres of natural gas are piped from
the ground; and 4.1 million tons of CO2 is released into the
atmosphere.
In that same hour, another 9,300 people are added to the global
population. By 2100, the world will be home to 11 billion of us.
“It would require rates of change in our energy infrastructure and
energy mix that have never happened in world history and that are extremely
unlikely to be achieved,” he says
“So the question becomes, how will they be fed and housed and what will be
their energy source? Currently 1.2 billion people in the world do not have
access to electricity, and there are plans to try to get them on the grid.
The numbers you start dealing with become so large that they are difficult to
comprehend,” Professor Jones says.
“To even come close to achieving the goals of the Paris Agreement, 50% of
our energy will need to come from renewable sources by 2028, and today it is
only 9%, including hydropower. For a world that wants to fight climate
change, the numbers just don’t add up to do it.”
3.7 million barrels of oil per hour, along with nearly a million tons of
coal and 400 million cubic meters of gas. Every day, for 365 days a
year.
The numbers are indeed difficult to comprehend. But they just don’t
measure up to our hopes for the future. At the current pace of energy
transition, we’re not only going to miss the climate targets we've set, but
we’re also going to miss the chance gracefully deal with the continued growth
in both our debt pile and population.
This chart explains why. As fast as renewable energy sources have
grown, fossil fuels have grown, too. They remain ~80% of the world's total
energy consumption:
(Source – Gail Tverberg)
While people excitedly point out the growth rates in
energy renewables, they often fail to note either/both the scale involved
and/or the fact that a tiny percentage growth in fossil fuels will utterly
dwarf a large percentage gain in renewables.
This is the dynamic that the numbers in the above study are warning us of.
Loudly.
It’s nothing personal. It’s just math. But it’s going to get very personal
over the next years and decades as the world is finally forced to confront
the idiocy of attempting infinite growth on a (quite) finite planet.
And it's for this reason I am going to have a hard time being a good
little committee member and sign off on some cheery report suggesting we can
achieve a sustainable energy future if we all just try a little harder.
We’re going to need to try harder than any generation has ever had to try
on anything, ever in all of history, to remake our energy infrastructure.
Meanwhile…
The Predicament That Stares Us In The Face
These days it’s very hard to scan the headlines without running into
seriously troubling ecological data.
The two ocean related articles below recently jumped out at me, both of which
are related to the implications of oceanic warming:
Underwater Heat Wave Devastates Great Barrier Reef
Mar 29, 2016
CANBERRA, Australia—An underwater heat wave is devastating huge
swaths of Australia’s Great Barrier Reef, marine researchers have found.
An aerial survey of the chain of 3,000 coral outcrops—a Unesco
world-heritage site and the only living system visible from space—found
95% of its northern area, roughly half the reef’s length, had been hit by a
bleaching event that began six months ago. Damage to the southern
area is still being assessed.
“This has been the saddest research trip of my life,”
said Terry Hughes, a professor at Australia’s James Cook University and
expert in coral bleaching. “Almost without exception, every reef we
flew across showed consistently high levels of bleaching, from the reef slope
right up onto the top of the reef.”
(Source)
This bleaching is caused by the loss of the symbiotic algae upon which
coral depends, causing the coral organisms to die from starvation.
Another important bottom-of-the-food-chain organism, phytoplankton, has
been disappearing from a variety of ocean basins with the Indian Ocean being
one that recently made the news:
OCEAN PASTURES OF INDIAN OCEAN DISAPPEARING RAPIDLY
Feb 2, 2016
Research reveals that phytoplankton stocks in the region fell an
alarming 30 percent over just the last 16 years. This most recent
tally of the collapse of this vital ocean pasture ecosystem compounds the
observed collapse that has been documented since the early 1950’s!
The collapse of ocean pasture ecosystems is taking place in all of
the world’s ocean, not just in the Indian Ocean. Indeed many of
those ocean basins are in a much worse condition of pasture collapse than the
Indian Ocean.
(Source)
As the study itself concluded, the cause was due to hot surface water
blocking mixing with the nutrient dense(er) lower waters:
We find that these trends in chlorophyll are driven by enhanced ocean
stratification due to rapid warming in the Indian Ocean, which suppresses
nutrient mixing from subsurface layers. Future climate projections suggest
that the Indian Ocean will continue to warm, driving this productive region
into an ecological desert.
(Source)
These are by no means rare exceptions plucked from a sea of otherwise
positive news. The world’s ecosystems are having a really rough time
absorbing the scope and the pace of changes that humans are creating.
The grief expressed above by the scientists who study these ecosystems
tells the tale.
Conclusion
The world is just not yet serious enough about the urgency of
transitioning away from fossil fuels. The math says that without a
tremendous change in behavior, far greater than anything currently on
display, we simply won’t “get there” waiting for market forces to do the job
for us.
We’ll have to make and adhere to very different priorities. Such as
completely redirecting our entire defense budgets to the process of retooling
our entire relationship to energy.
We’ll need our buildings to use less energy. And we’ll need to live closer
to where we work and play.
Our food will have to be grown differently. And it will have to travel
less far to get to our plate.
Electricity will have to come from sources other than fossil fuels too.
Is it possible to figure this out in time? Well, whether it is or not is
sort of beside the point. Because these changes are going to be forced on us
anyways if we don't.
So I guess I could be an optimist on the UN panel by telling them that I
have 99% confidence that humans will someday be powering 100% of their energy
needs from the sun.
I’ll just leave out that what I mean is that, in 100 or 200 years, humans
will have painfully reverted back to a 1600’s-style subsistence farming
lifestyle.
The point of this article is to refocus our attention on the need for each
of us to lead the way, to begin our own individual energy transitions without
waiting for some top-down solutions to come forward. The calvary simply isn't
going to show up.
In our podcasts with Joel Salatin, Singing Frogs farm and Toby Hemenway, we've been surfacing examples of the ways
in which we can begin farming regeneratively and relationally today.
You can do this on your own if you garden. Or you can support local
farmers/CSAs that will do this for you.
Anybody paying into a pension or trying to manage an endowment that needs
to be there in 30 or 40 years (or forever, as is the case for university
endowments) needs to understand that projections based on prior rates of
economic growth are fantasies, hatched when we had the luxury of pretending
there were no energy limits.
The restructuring of our energy economy, if taken under our own terms and
on our own timelines, will utterly crush traditional economic growth as we’ve
come to know and love it.
If taken under more dire terms, there may not even be a recognizable
economy for a very long time.
These are serious matters. They deserve serious consideration and even
more serious answers.
Every little step each of us can make, both for its direct impact and for
its leadership effects, is actually vitally important.
So one question we might ask ourselves is: How can I use less energy
today, enjoy life just as much (if not more), and be part of the solution?
The future is gong to be very different from the past. And the only thing
that could come along to ameliorate the situation from an energy-food-survival
standpoint would be a brand new source of energy. Something along the lines
of workable, scalable fusion or if LENR (Low-Energy Nuclear Reaction) pans
out and is quickly adopted.
As long as we are collectively relying on ~80% of our primary energy coming
from fossil fuels, we're on the opposite path from creating a world worth
inheriting.
And the extent to which we fail to run he numbers and appreciate the scale
and the scope and the timing involved, preferring perhaps to content
ourselves with just the renewables side of the story, is the extent to which
we are failing to appreciate the challenges we face.
So my challenge for myself is to see how much I can further cut back my
own energy use -- something I've already done in good measure by heating my
water using the sun, insulating my home, and having a relatively efficient
vehicle. But there’s still a lot more I can do.
How about you?
~ Chris Martenson
