Jeff Clark, Senior Precious Metals Analyst, GoldSilver.com.
It was a pretty simple inquiry on my part: Mike
Maloney predicts the stock market is facing the mother of all crashes—if
he’s right, then how long before the average stock investor would get back to
even?
I wanted to know not only for myself, but because I have a daughter just
starting in her career. I also have a wife with a 401k and over a decade to
retirement. I have a son in college. I handle my retired parents’ money. And
I have other family and friends who follow traditional brokerage advice and
have 60% of their portfolios in stocks (or more in some cases).
So, if the stock market crashes, how long does history say it’ll take for
their stock holdings to return to pre-crash levels… months? Years? Or—gulp—decades?
It’s an important question, because the answer will tell you how to invest
depending on your timeframe. And if the answer ends up being “a long time”,
well, you might consider sidestepping the stock market altogether if you,
too, are nervous about its frothy nature.
At this point the average stock broker will pull out a looong term chart
of the S&P and show that over time—despite numerous crashes and
corrections and bear markets—the stock market ultimately marches higher.
History does show this to be true on a nominal basis, further bolstered by
the investor who is dollar cost averaging and reinvesting dividends (though
these charts always exclude commissions and fees).
But when I saw one of those charts from my broker many years ago, I did
notice one thing: over the past 100 years or so, there were a handful of
crashes that not only looked like the Grand Canyon, they took a long time to
recover. “What if that happened to my portfolio?” was the question I
immediately muttered to myself.
Years later, after recalling my Dad’s grumbling about inflation in the
late 1970s, I had a second question: if the Dow did end up taking a
protracted time to get back to even, wouldn’t inflation erode my real rate of
return? If it took a portfolio-killing ten years, for example, I might have
earned back that $20,000 I lost, but now the car I’d planned to buy with that
money cost not $20,000 but $30,000. Or $40,000. Show me all the long-term
charts you want but I still can’t afford to buy that car.
So here was my inquiry: in the biggest market crashes, how long
has it historically taken the S&P to return not to its pre-crash price,
but to the inflation-adjusted level? By asking this question, I felt
like I’d be better equipped to not just handle a major downturn but decide if
I should be in the market at all.
Here’s what I discovered. In the four biggest stock market crashes since
1900, the inflation-adjusted recovery periods were all measured in decades.
Inflation rates obviously varied during each period, but even low
inflation adds up over time. So even when the nominal price of the S&P
climbed back to the prior peak, it had taken so long that that amount of
money would no longer buy as much. Your brokerage statement might show a
gain, but in real terms you’d still be underwater. It’s a sobering
realization, one that dawns on most people only when they go to actually
spend the money.
Here’s the breakdown of each recovery period:
- Beginning in 1906, it took the S&P 500 index 20
years to get back to its inflation-adjusted, pre-crash level. No wonder;
the total amount of inflation during that time period was 74.0%.
- Deflation was the name of the game in 1929, of
course, with inflation readings registering as low as -10.3% during the
Great Depression. But the S&P had fallen so far that inflation
returned before it could recover… inflation totaled 48.7% during the
26-year time span, resulting in the S&P not reaching breakeven until
1955.
- From 1973 to 1987, inflation totaled a whopping 104.0%.
High inflation rates combined with the depth of the crash made stocks
“dead money” during that 14-year span.
- And those “low” inflation readings we’ve had since the
new millennium? It totaled 35.2% over the first decade and a half, and
led to the S&P taking 14.5 years to regain its full purchasing
power. This silent erosion kept unsuspecting investors in the red, on a
real basis, until 2015.
- It’s worth pointing out that the Nasdaq still has not
recovered from the bursting of the internet bubble. It lost 78% of its
value in the crash, and adjusted for inflation is still down 17.6% (as
of 6-30-17) from its March 2000 peak! In other words, almost two decades
later, tech stocks are not back to the same level of purchasing power,
despite the index being higher on a nominal price.
Clearly, the biggest stock market crashes in history have been big enough that
inflation played a key role in their recovery.
So, if you think the stock market is at risk of a crash—and
there are plenty of signs pointing to that being the case—then you may
want to consider stepping aside for a time being, and look to start buying
again after the crash.
If the stock market crashes and inflation kicks in, this asset
just might be one of the few offensive weapons left in your portfolio.
History says now is a good time to put that hedge in place.
