A risk-adjusted look at the Gold Price…
IS TODAY'S Gold Price too high? asks Paul Tustain, founder and
CEO of BullionVault.
With its incredibly constant supply and unsurpassed history as a store of
value, physical gold is the wise choice for retained wealth during currency
crises. But, for new buyers, is the Gold Price now too high?
From post-war Austria to Argentina a decade ago, it is clear that holding Gold Bullion offers insurance against many levels of
currency crisis – something which a growing number of economic historians,
such as Reinhard
and Rogoff and Niall Ferguson, thinks increasingly possible in the
developed West today.
Across long periods of history, from imperial Rome through to Elizabethan
London and late 20th century America, the value of gold in terms of the goods
and services that it can buy has remained remarkably stable. It is commonly
noted that one ounce of gold could buy a
good suit of clothes in each of those periods, a base value to which, over
the ultra long-term, it's likely to revert at some point in the future.
Gold's ability to defend wealth in periods of monetary crisis, whether
strong inflation or deflation, can give it a valuable premium above its
long-term base value. But today, this metric would mean gold is around 75%
over-valued.
Is today's premium – over and above gold's long-term base value –
excessive? In the absence of cash flow, we need to judge gold's present value
in the way that an insurance actuary would, pricing it in terms of
risk-adjusted outcomes.That, in turn, means estimating the likelihood of
different degrees of currency meltdown.
Doing this, I find that it is hard to push gold's fair value down to
today's market-price of around $1400-$1500 per ounce without setting the
probability of a serious inflation or even hyperinflation to zero. In other
words, I'm much more fearful of currency devaluation that the market
is.
But discounting to zero the probability of an event not experienced in our
lifetimes is a classic mistake. Most recently, it caused the credit ratings
agencies to incorrectly estimate the risk of a mass sub-prime mortgage
default. In 1980, this same mistake caused the gold market to anticipate
strong annual inflation rates, just as we'd experienced throughout the
1970s.
Gold's premium at that time, over its base value, hit 240%. But the market
hadn't reckoned with the shock of strongly positive real interest rates which
the Volcker Fed – in the absence of large, structural government deficits –
could and was about to deliver.
Historical inflation data shows that the risk of serious currency
depreciation in the next 15 years is most certainly not zero. If we look at
data since World War Two, in 11% of years the Pound Sterling was worth 80-90%
less than it had been fifteen years previously.
The historical record I've included in my Gold
Value Calculator also includes the currency collapses of Weimar Germany,
post-war Austria, Peso-crisis Mexico and Argentina's bond default at the
start of this century.
Because Western Europe, Japan and the United States have now accrued a
significant level of government debt, and I fear we are entering the same
state of political denial which led those countries to lurch from crisis to
crisis over the last 100 years. I think our future is likely to look a bit
like their past.
Though small, the risk of severe inflation and currency depreciation is
material at perhaps 0.5% in the next 15 years. Also critical to the Gold
Value Calculator is the discount rate used. This is because it's not
simply the headline rate of inflation which counts, but the real return on
currency. Is your money on deposit losing purchasing power? That is the key
question.
Negative real rates of return on currency are what drove gold higher in
the 1970s, and again in the last decade. Because why would you choose to
store value in something which isn't retaining its purchasing power, and has
no short-term prospect of doing so, when you can choose tightly supplied,
indestructible gold instead?
Without today's large public deficits, risk-free returns to cash did not
need to be suppressed below inflation at the start of the 1980s. Looking
ahead today, in contrast, the Federal Reserve, Bank of Japan, ECB and Bank of
England appear to have little choice.
Using the inputs we just looked at, I calculate gold's risk-adjusted value
to be above $3,800 today. That's significantly higher than the current market
Gold Price, and well above 2011
price forecasts from Bullion bank analysts . My present valuation seems
outlandish, therefore, which is why you can download and judge my Gold
Value Calculator for yourself.
You can see the formulae and decide if the method, inputs and valuation
are reasonable. And as the model shows, gold could of course go down
substantially, as well as up, depending on the outcome path for inflation and
the rate of return you can earn on cash savings.
