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Le premier emprunt russe a
été émis le 10 Décembre 1988. Pendant 25 ans, près de 2
millions de français investiront l’équivalent de 60
milliards d’Euros (valeur 2008) et seront ruinés lorsque la
Russie bolchevique refusera d’honorer cette dette.
A la fin du 19ème siècle,
l'Europe vit sous la loi des alliances. Alors que l'Allemagne et la Russie
s'éloignent, Saint-Petersbourg et Paris se
rapprochent. La Russie a besoin d'argent et la France d'amis pour faire face
à la Triplice (l'Allemagne, l'Autriche et
l'Italie). La "slovophilie" tourne
à l'hystérie.
En 1888, Moscou émet quatre emprunts de
500 millions de francs-or, sous la
bénédiction des pouvoirs français publics. L'Alliance franco-russe de 1891 assure
le succès des emprunts qui se multiplient. Les épargnants se
ruent alors aux guichets des banques pour faire acte de patriotisme et
prêter à Alexandre III (on construira même un pont
à Paris sur la Seine qui porte son nom), puis à Nicolas II,
à la Ville de Moscou, ou aux chemins de fer de Semiretchensk,
etc.
Un engouement s’est
manifesté pour cette épargne, au point que pendant trente ans,
le gouvernement et les médias français vont encourager les
épargnants français à investir dans les emprunts russes.
Au total, un tiers de l’épargne française fut
placé en Russie pour un montant d’environ 15 milliards de francs
or. De 1887 à 1913, l’exportation nette de capitaux
correspondait à 3,5% du PNB de la France.
« Prêter
à la Russie, c’est prêter à la
France ! » : cette phrase est tirée
d’affiches publicitaires incitant les épargnants à
acheter des emprunts russes. Les risques de solvabilité de
l’État russe qui avaient conduit l’Allemagne à
arrêter tout prêt à la Russie ne semblaient pas entacher
l’optimisme des gouvernements français. 1897 accentua même
le phénomène. Le rouble se rattache à l’or et
accroît ce caractère de sécurité.
Outre une campagne
gouvernementale massive pour favoriser les emprunts russes, les médias
français ont insisté lourdement sur
l’intérêt d’aider la Russie. Plus tard, on apprendra
que ces mêmes médias ont été grassement
payés pendant plusieurs années par l’État russe
qui leur versait de fortes commissions. Les banques n’étaient
pas en reste. Lors de toute émission d’emprunt, la banque est
rémunérée via des frais qu’elle perçoit
à chaque fois qu’un investisseur décide de participer à
cet emprunt. Pour le seul Crédit Lyonnais, on estime que 30% des
profits réalisés avant 1914 l’étaient grâce
aux seuls emprunts russes. De telles sommes expliquent, en grande partie, la
surdité des établissements bancaires et leur manque de
communication et de transparence financières.
Les emprunts russes
garantissaient à leur détenteur une
« sécurité à 100% » (soutenus par
l’État français) et des performances intéressantes
au regard du marché financier de l’époque. Les
émissions des emprunts se sont accélérées pour
ralentir au début du XXe siècle. À
l’époque, l’épargne d’un Français
était sa « bouée de sauvetage » pour ce
que l’on n’appelait pas encore retraite. Il n’était
ainsi pas rare de voir une famille placer toutes ses économies dans
des emprunts russes, comme on les aurait placées dans des emprunts
d’État français.
Avant la Grande Guerre, l'opposition
à Nicolas II intervient déjà auprès de
Clémenceau pour mettre en garde le gouvernement français contre
le risque de non-remboursement.
En 1904, la guerre russo-japonaise provoque une panique. Mais les
banques, qui y trouvent leur intérêt, se font rassurantes. Les
épargnants "reprennent" alors pour 400 millions de bons du
Trésor Russe. En 1914, 1,6
millions de porteurs ont prêté 12 milliards de francs-or à un empire au bord du gouffre. La France est devenue le premier
créancier de la Russie.
La
Révolution d'Octobre de 1917 brise
le rêve et ouvre une attente qui se prolongera longtemps. Le 25 octobre
1917, les Bolcheviks triomphent à Moscou. Le 7 novembre, les derniers
coupons sont payés en France. Deux mois plus tard, Lénine
décide de ne plus reconnaître les dettes de l'ancien
régime par un décret qui répudia
unilatéralement l’intégralité de ces dettes.
En 2007,
l’État russe a effectué un « remboursement
symbolique » aux porteurs d’emprunts.
Voici
l'adresse principale de l' UNION DES PORTEURS d' EMPRUNTS
RUSSES
Chronique de la Dette
www.24hGold.com
On trouvera ci-dessous la liste des
emprunts russes émis pour la période (source : School of Slavonic and East European Studies (SSEES)
Library, University College
London)
CATALOGUE
DES EMPRUNTS IMPERIAUX RUSSES
RUI/1 - Bonds issued by
companies "A" (1909-1916)
Contents: bonds issued by the following companies -
- Akkerman (187.50 Russian Roubles) (1913)
- Altai (187.50 Russian Roubles) (1912)
- Armavir-Touapse
(20 Pounds Sterling) (1909)
- Armavir-Touapse
(100 Pounds Sterling) (1909)
- Armavir-Touapse
(500 Pounds Sterling) (1909)
- Armavir-Touapse
(20 Pounds Sterling) (1913)
- Armavir-Touapse
(100 Pounds Sterling) (1913)
- Armavir-Touapse
(500 Pounds Sterling) (1913)
- Atchinsk-Minoussinsk
(187.50 Russian Roubles) (1914)
- Atchinsk-Minoussinsk
(100 Russian Roubles) (1916)
(Languages) English & French & German
& Russian
1 bundle
RUI/2 - Bonds issued by companies "B"
(1910-1916)
Contents: bonds issued by the following companies -
- Baku (20 Pounds
Sterling) (1910)
- Baku (100
Pounds Sterling) (1910)
- Baku (500
Pounds Sterling) (1910)
- Bessarabische (100 Russian Roubles) (1916)
- Black Sea Kuban (20 Russian Roubles)
(1911)
- Black Sea Kuban (100 Pounds Sterling) (1911)
- Black Sea Kuban (500 Pounds Sterling) (1911)
- Boukhara
(197.50 Russian Roubles) (1914)
(Languages) English & French & German
& Russian
1 bundle
RUI/3 - Bonds issued by companies "C"
(1859-1913)
Contents: bonds issued by the following companies -
- Chemin de Fer Black Sea (187.50 Russian Roubles) (1913)
- Chemin de
Fer Securities Russian (1000 Russian Roubles) (1895)
- Consolidated 6 Emmission (125 Silver
Roubles) (1880)
- Consolidated 1 Series (125 Gold Roubles) (1889)
- Consolidated 2 Series (125 Gold Roubles) (1889)
- Consolidated 3 Series (125 Gold Roubles) (1890)
- Consolidated Rentes (500
French Francs) (1901)
- Consolidated Rentes
(25000 French Francs) (1901)
- Conversion Loan (100 Pounds Sterling) (1859)
- Conversion Loan (1000 Pounds Sterling) (1859)
- Conversion Loan (150 Russian Roubles)
(1898)
- Conversion Loan (750 Russian Roubles)
(1898)
- Conversion Loan (1500 Russian
Roubles) (1898)
(Languages) English & French & German
& Russian
1 bundle
RUI/4 - Bonds issued by companies "D"
(1893;1894)
Contents: bonds issued by the following companies -
- Donetz (125 Silver Roubles) (1893)
- Dvinsk-Vitebsk (20
Pounds Sterling) (1894)
(Languages) English & French & German
& Russian
1 bundle
RUI/5 - Bonds issued by companies "F"
(1913-1914)
Contents: bonds issued by the following companies -
- Ferghana
(187.50 Russian Roubles) (1914)
- First Russian Railway (187.50 Russian Roubles)
(1913)
- First Russian Railway (937.50 Russian Roubles)
(1913)
(Languages) English & French & German &
Russian
1 bundle
RUI/6 - Bonds issued by companies "G"
(1859-1896)
Contents: bonds issued by the following companies -
- Gold Loan (125 Gold Roubles) (1889)
- Gold Loan (500 French Francs) (1891)
- Gold Loan (125 Gold Roubles) (1893)
- Gold Loan (125 Gold Roubles) (1894)
- Gold Loan (500 French Francs) (1894)
- Gold Loan (187.50 Gold Roubles) (1896)
- Gold Loan - 2nd Issue (125 Gold Roubles)
(1890)
- Gold Loan - 2nd Issue (125 Gold Roubles)
(1894)
- Gold Loan - 3rd Issue (125 Gold Roubles)
(1890)
- Grand Russian Railway - 1st Series (500 Silver Roubles) (1859)
- Grand Russian Railway - 2nd Series (500 Silver Roubles) (1859)
- Grand Russian Railway (125 Silver Roubles)
(1861)
- Grand Russian Railway (125 Silver Roubles)
(1881)
- Grand Russian Railway (625 Silver Roubles)
(1888)
- Grand Russian Railway (625 Silver Roubles)
(1890)
(Languages) English & French & German &
Russian
1 bundle
RUI/7 - Bonds issued by companies "I"
(1822-1916)
Contents: bonds issued by the following companies -
- Imperial Land Bank (100 Russian Roubles)
(1889)
- Imperial Land Bank (500 Russian Roubles)
(1896)
- Imperial Land Bank (150 Russian Roubles)
(1897)
- Imperial Land Bank (750 Russian Roubles)
(1897)
- Imperial Land Bank (5000 Russian Roubles)
(1897)
- Imperial Land Bank (1500 Russian Roubles)
(1897)
- Imperial Land Bank (1000 Russian Roubles)
(1897)
- Imperial Land Bank (10000 Russian Roubles)
(1897)
- Imperial Land Bank (100 Russian Roubles)
(1898)
- Imperial Land Bank (150 Russian Roubles)
(1898)
- Imperial Land Bank (1000 Russian Roubles)
(1898)
- Imperial Land Bank (750 Russian Roubles)
(1898)
- Imperial Land Bank (1500 Russian Roubles)
(1898)
- Imperial Land Bank (10000 Russian Roubles)
(1898)
- Imperial Land Bank (100 Russian Roubles)
(1900)
- Imperial Land Bank (750 Russian Roubles)
(1900)
- Imperial Land Bank (100 Russian Roubles)
(1903)
- Imperial Land Bank (150 Russian Roubles)
(1903)
- Imperial Land Bank (750 Russian Roubles)
(1903)
- Imperial Land Bank (1000 Russian Roubles)
(1912)
- Imperial Land Bank (1000 Russian Roubles)
(1914)
- Internal Loan (500 Russian Roubles)
(1905)
- Internal Loan (200 Russian Roubles)
(1905)
- Internal Loan (1000 Russian
Roubles) (1908)
- Internal Loan (100 Russian Roubles)
(1908)
- Internal Loan (5000 Russian
Roubles) (1908)
- Internal Loan (100 Russian Roubles)
(1866)
- Internal Loan (100 Russian Roubles)
(1864)
- Internal Loan (100 Russian Roubles)
(1905)
- Internal Loan (1000 Russian
Roubles) (1905)
- Internal Loan (5000 Russian
Roubles) (1905)
- Internal Loan (50 Russian Roubles)
(1914)
- Internal Loan (100 Russian Roubles)
(1914)
- Internal Loan (200 Russian Roubles)
(1914)
- Internal Loan (500 Russian Roubles)
(1914)
- Internal Loan (1000 Russian
Roubles) (1914)
- Internal Loan 1 (50 Russian
Roubles) (1915)
- Internal Loan 1 (100 Russian
Roubles) (1915)
- Internal Loan 1 (500 Russian Roubles)
(1915)
- Internal Loan 1 (1000 Russian
Roubles) (1915)
- Internal Loan 1 (10000 Russian
Roubles) (1915)
- Internal Loan 2 (100 Russian
Roubles) (1915)
- Internal Loan 2 (500 Russian
Roubles) (1915)
- Internal Loan 2 (1000 Russian
Roubles) (1915)
- Internal Loan 2 (5000 Russian
Roubles) (1915)
- Internal Railway Loans (100 Russian Roubles)
(1916)
- Internal Railway Loans (500 Russian Roubles)
(1916)
- Internal Railway Loans (1000 Russian Roubles)
(1916)
- Ir' Deem Le State Loan (111 Pounds Sterling) (1822)
- Ir' Deem Le State Loan (148 Pounds Sterling) (1822)
- Ir' Deem Le State Loan (1036 Pounds Sterling) (1822)
- Ir' Deem Le State Loan (518 Pounds Sterling) (1909)
- Ivangorod-Dombrova 1 (125 Silver
Roubles) (1882)
- Ivangorod-Dombrova 11 (125 Silver
Roubles) (1887)
(Languages) English & French & German
& Russian
1 bundle
RUI/8 - Bonds issued by companies "J"
(1909)
Contents: bonds issued by the following companies -
- Jeisk (100 Russian Roubles) (1909)
- Jeisk (500 Russian Roubles) (1909)
- Jeisk (1000 Russian Roubles) (1909)
(Languages) English & French & German
& Russian
1 bundle
RUI/9 - Bonds issued by companies "K"
(1887-1916)
Contents: bonds issued by the following companies -
- Kahetian (20 Pounds
Sterling) (1912)
- Kahetian (100 Pounds
Sterling) (1912)
- Kahetian (500 Pounds
Sterling) (1912)
- Kharkov
(1875 Russian Roubles) (1911)
- Kharkov
(187.50 Russian Roubles) (1911)
- Kiev (187.50
Russian Roubles) (1909)
- Kiev XXII
(20 Pounds Sterling) (1914)
- Kiev XXII
(100 Pounds Sterling) (1914)
- Kiev XXII
(500 Pounds Sterling) (1914)
- Kiev Municipal Electric Tramway (20 Pounds Sterling) (1914)
- Kiev Municipal Electric Tramway (100 Pounds Sterling) (1914)
- Kiev Municipal Electric Tramway (500 Pounds Sterling) (1914)
- Kokand-Namangan
(20 Pounds Sterling) (1910)
- Kokand-Namangan
(100 Pounds Sterling) (1910)
- Koltchouguion (500 Russian Roubles) (1916)
- Koltchouguion (187.50 Russian Roubles) (1913)
- Koslow-Voronesh-Rostow (600 German Marks) (1887)
- Koslow-Voronesh-Rostow (1000 German Marks) (1889)
- Kursk-Kharkov-Azov (125 Gold Roubles)
(1894)
- Kursk-Kharkov-Azov A (600 German Marks) (1888)
- Kursk-Kharkov-Azov A (100 Pounds Sterling) (1888)
- Kursk-Kharkov-Azov B (500 German Marks) (1889)
- Kursk-Kharkov-Azov B (1000 German Marks) (1889)
- Kursk-Kharkov-Azov B (2000 German Marks) (1889)
- Kursk-Kiev (1000 German Marks) (1887)
- Kursk-Kiev (2000 German Marks) (1887)
- Kursk-Kiev A (500 German Marks) (1887)
- Kursk-Kiev B (500 German Marks) (1887)
(Languages) English & French & German &
Russian
1 bundle
RUI/10 - Bonds issued by companies "L"
(1864-1917)
Contents: bonds issued by the following companies -
- Liberty Loan (20 Russian Roubles)
(1917)
- Liberty Loan (40 Russian Roubles)
(1917)
- Liberty Loan (50 Russian Roubles)
(1917)
- Liberty Loan (100 Russian Roubles)
(1917)
- Liberty Loan (500 Russian Roubles)
(1917)
- Liberty Loan (1000 Russian
Roubles) (1917)
- Liberty Loan (5000 Russsian
Roubles) (1917)
- Liberty Loan (10000 Russian
Roubles) (1917)
- Liberty Loan (25000 Russian
Roubles) (1917)
- Lottery Loan (100 Russian Roubles)
(1864)
- Lottery Loan (100 Russian Roubles)
(1866)
- Lottery Loan (200 Russian Roubles)
(1917)
(Languages) English & French & German
& Russian
1 bundle
RUI/11 - Bonds issued by companies "M"
(1869-1916)
Contents: bonds issued by the following companies -
- Morschansk-Sysron (125 Gold
Roubles) (1889)
- Moscow
(187.50 Russian Roubles) (1909)
- Moscow (100 Russian Roubles) (1910)
- Moscow (500 Russian Roubles) (1910)
- Moscow (1000
Russian Roubles) (1910)
- Moscow (5000
Russian Roubles) (1910)
- Moscow (189 Russian Roubles) (1912)
- Moscow (945 Russian Roubles) (1912)
- Moscow (4725
Russian Roubles) (1912)
- Moscow (9450
Russian Roubles) (1912)
- Moscow XLIV-XLV (187.50 Russian Roubles)
(1908)
- Moscow-Kasan (500 German Marks)
(1901)
- Moscow-Kasan (1000 German Marks)
(1901)
- Moscow-Kasan (2000 German Marks)
(1901)
- Moscow-Kasan (500 German Marks)
(1911)
- Moscow-Kasan (1000 German Marks)
(1911)
- Moscow-Kasan (2000 German Marks)
(1911)
- Moscow-Kasan (187.50 Russian
Roubles) (1914)
- Moscow-Kasan 1 (500 German Marks)
(1909)
- Moscow-Kasan 1 (1000 German
Marks) (1909)
- Moscow-Kasan 1 (2000 German
Marks) (1909)
- Moscow-Kiev-Woron (187.50 Russian Roubles) (1914)
- Moscow-Kiev-Woron (1000 Russian Roubles) (1916)
- Moscow-Kiev-Woron 1 (500 French Francs)
(1903)
- Moscow-Kiev-Woron 1 (500 German Marks)
(1909)
- Moscow-Kiev-Woron 1 (1000 German Marks)
(1909)
- Moscow-Kiev-Woron 1 (2000 German Marks)
(1909)
- Moscow-Kiev-Woron 1 (500 German Marks)
(1910)
- Moscow-Kiev-Woron 1 (1000 German Marks)
(1910)
- Moscow-Kiev-Woron 1 (2000 German Marks)
(1910)
- Moscow-Kiev-Woron II (500 German Marks)
(1895)
- Moscow-Kiev-Woron II (1000 German
Marks) (1895)
- Moscow-Kiev-Woron II (2000 German
Marks) (1895)
- Moscow-Kiev-Woron II (500 German Marks)
(1909)
- Moscow-Kiev-Woron II (1000 German
Marks) (1909)
- Moscow-Kiev-Woron II (2000 German
Marks) (1909)
- Moscow-Kursk (500 German Marks)
(1886)
- Moscow-Kursk (1000 German Marks)
(1886)
- Moscow-Rjazan (500 German Marks)
(1885)
- Moscow-Rjazan (1000 German Marks)
(1885)
- Moscow-Smolensk
(600 German Marks) (1869)
- Moscow-Smolensk
(1000 German Marks) (1869)
- Moscow-Smolensk
(1500 German Marks) (1869)
- Moscow-Smolensk
(3000 German Marks) (1869)
- Moscow - various (189 Russian
Roubles) (1908)
- Moscow - various (945 Russian Roubles)
(1908)
- Moscow - various (4725 Russian
Roubles) (1908)
- Moscow-Windau-Rybinsk
(500 German Marks) (1897)
- Moscow-Windau-Rybinsk
(1000 German Marks) (1897)
- Moscow-Windau-Rybinsk
(2000 German Marks) (1897)
- Moscow-Windau-Rybinsk
(500 German Marks) (1898)
- Moscow-Windau-Rybinsk
(1000 German Marks) (1898)
- Moscow-Windau-Rybinsk
(2000 German Marks) (1898)
- Moscow-Windau-Rybinsk
(20 Pounds Sterling) (1899)
- Moscow-Windau-Rybinsk
(100 Pounds Sterling) (1899)
- Moscow-Windau-Rybinsk
(500 Pounds Sterling) (1899)
- Moscow-Windau-Rybinsk
(1000 Pounds Sterling) (1899)
- Moscow-Windau-Rybinsk
(500 French Francs) (1903)
- Moscow-Windau-Rybinsk
(100 Russian Roubles) (1916)
- Moscow-Windau-Rybinsk
(1000 Russian Roubles) (1916)
- Moscow-Yaroslaw-Archangel 1 (500 German
Marks) (1897)
- Moscow-Yaroslaw-Archangel 1 (1000
German Marks) (1897)
- Moscow-Yaroslaw-Archangel 1 (2000
German Marks) (1897)
(Languages) English & French & German &
Russian
1 bundle
RUI/12 - Bonds issued by companies "N"
(1867-1914)
Contents: bonds issued by the following companies -
- Nicholas Railway - 1st Issue (125 Gold Roubles)
(1867)
- Nicholas Railway - 2nd Issue (125 Gold Roubles)
(1869)
- Nicholas Railway - 2nd Issue (625 Gold Roubles)
(1869)
- Nicolayev I (189 Gold
Roubles) (1912)
- Nicolayev I (945 Russian Roubles) (1912)
- Nicolayev I (4725 Russian Roubles) (1912)
- North-Donetz (500 French
Francs) (1908)
- North-Donetz (500 French
Francs) (1912)
- North-Donetz I (500 French Francs)
(1914)
- North-Donetz II (187.50 Russian Roubles) (1914)
- North-East Ural (500 French Francs) (1912)
(Languages) English & French & German &
Russian
1 bundle
RUI/13 - Bonds issued by companies "O"
(1887-1914)
Contents: bonds issued by the following companies -
- Olentz (187.50 Russian Roubles) (1914)
- Orel-Griazi Series A (600 German Marks)
(1887)
- Orel-Griazi Series B (500 German Marks)
(1889)
- Orel-Griazi Series B (1000 German
Marks) (1889)
- Orel-Griazi Series B (2000 German
Marks) (1889)
- Orel-Vitebsk
(125 Gold Roubles) (1894)
(Languages) English & French & German
& Russian
1 bundle
RUI/14 - Bonds issued by companies "P"
(1906-1914)
Contents: bonds issued by the following companies -
- Peasant's Land Bank (100 Russian Roubles)
(1906)
- Peasant's Land Bank (150 Russian Roubles)
(1906)
- Peasant's Land Bank (1000 Russian Roubles)
(1909)
- Peasant's Land Bank (100 Russian Roubles)
(1908)
- Peasant's Land Bank (1000 Russian Roubles)
(1909)
- Peasant's Land Bank (100 Russian Roubles)
(1912)
- Peasant's Land Bank (150 Russian Roubles)
(1912)
- Peasant's Land Bank (1000 Russian Roubles)
(1913)
- Perm (20
Pounds Sterling) (1914)
- Perm (100
Pounds Sterling) (1914)
- Perm (500
Pounds Sterling) (1914)
- Podolisk (500 German Marks) (1911)
- Podolisk (1000 German Marks) (1911)
- Podolisk (2000 German Marks) (1911)
- Podolisk (187.50 Russian Roubles) (1914)
(Languages) English & French & German
& Russian
1 bundle
RUI/15 - Bonds issued by companies "R"
(1825-1917)
Contents: bonds issued by the following companies -
- Rente (100 Russian Roubles) (1894)
- Rente (200 Russian Roubles) (1894)
- Rente (500 Russian Roubles) (1894)
- Rente (1000 Russian Roubles) (1894)
- Rente (5000 Russian Roubles) (1894)
- Rente (25000
Russian Roubles) (1894)
- Riga (189 Russian Roubles) (1913)
- Riga (945 Russian Roubles) (1913)
- Riga-Dvinsk (125 Gold Roubles) (1894)
- Rjazan-Koslow (500 German Marks A) (1896)
- Rjazan-Koslow (500 German Marks B) (1886)
- Rjazan-Koslow (1000 German Marks) (1886)
- Rjazan-Koslow (2000 German Marks) (1886)
- Rjazan-Uralsk (5000 Russian Roubles) (1893)
- Rjazan-Uralsk (125 Gold
Roubles) (1894)
- Rjazan-Uralsk (625 Gold
Roubles) (1894)
- Rjazan-Uralsk (500 German Marks) (1897)
- Rjazan-Uralsk (1000 German Marks) (1897)
- Rjazan-Uralsk (2000 German Marks) (1897)
- Rjazan-Uralsk (500 German Marks) (1898)
- Rjazan-Uralsk (1000 German Marks) (1898)
- Rjazan-Uralsk (2000 German Marks) (1898)
- Rjazan-Uralsk (500 French
Francs) (1903)
- Rjazan-Uralsk (187.50 Russian Roubles) (1908)
- Rjazan-Uralsk (187.50 Russian Roubles) (1914)
- Rjaschk-Wiasma (125 Gold
Roubles) (1889)
- Russian (Dutch) Bond (1000 Russian Roubles)
(1825)
- Russian State Loan (187.50 Russian Roubles)
(1906)
- Russian State Loan (500 French Francs) (1909)
- Russian State Loan (500 Russian Roubles)
(1895)
- Russian Treasury Bills (100 Russian Roubles)
(1914)
- Russian Treasury Bills (50 Russian Roubles)
(1914)
- Russian Treasury Bills (50 Russian Roubles)
(1915)
- Russian Treasury Bills (100 Russian Roubles)
(1915)
- Russian Treasury Bills (500 Russian Roubles)
(1915)
- Russian Treasury Bills (1000 Russian Roubles)
(1917)
- Russian Treasury Bills (5000 Russian Roubles)
(1917)
- Russian Treasury Bills (10000 Russian Roubles)
(1917)
- Rybinsk A
(500 German Marks) (1895)
- Rybinsk B
(500 German Marks) (1895)
- Rybinsk
(1000 German Marks) (1895)
- Rybinsk
(2000 German Marks) (1895)
(Languages) English & French & German
& Russian
1 bundle
RUI/16 - Bonds issued by companies "S"
(1885-1916)
Contents: bonds issued by the following companies -
- Saratov
(187.50 Russian Roubles) (1909)
- Saratov
(937.50 Russian Roubles) (1909)
- Semiretchensk (187.50 Russian Roubles) (1913)
- Sc-Em-Chemin de Fer (500 French Francs) (1913)
- South-Eastern Railway (20 Pounds Sterling) (1914)
- South-Eastern Railway (100 Pounds Sterling) (1914)
- South-Eastern Railway (500 Pounds Sterling) (1914)
- South-West
(500 German Marks) (1897)
- South-West
(1000 German Marks) (1897)
- South-West
(2000 German Marks) (1897)
- South-West
(500 German Marks) (1898)
- South-West
(1000 German Marks) (1898)
- South-West
(2000 German Marks) (1898)
- South-West
(500 German Marks) (1901)
- South-West
(1000 German Marks) (1901)
- South-West
(2000 German Marks) (1901)
- South-West
(500 French Francs) (1908)
- South-West
(125 Gold Roubles) (1885)
- St
Petersburg (187.50 Russian Roubles) (1901)
- St
Petersburg (375.50 Russian Roubles) (1901)
- St
Petersburg (1875 Russian Roubles) (1901)
- St
Petersburg (187.50 Russian Roubles) (1908)
- St
Petersburg (189 Russian Roubles) (1913)
- St
Petersburg (945 Russian Roubles) (1913)
- St
Petersburg (4725 Russian Roubles) (1913)
- St
Petersburg (9450 Russian Roubles) (1913)
- St Petersburg - Scripts (20 Pounds Sterling) (1913)
- St Petersburg - Scripts (100 Pounds Sterling) (1913)
- St Petersburg - Scripts (500 Pounds Sterling) (1913)
- St Petersburg - Scripts (1000 Pounds Sterling) (1913)
- State Bond
(500 Russian Roubles) (1912)
- State Loan (500 German Marks) (1902)
- State Loan (1000 German Marks)
(1902)
- State Loan (2000 German Marks)
(1902)
- State Loan (5000 German Marks)
(1902)
- State Loan (500 German Marks)
(1905)
- State Loan (1000 German Marks)
(1905)
- State Loan (2000 German Marks)
(1905)
- State Loan (5000 German Marks)
(1905)
- State Short-Term Loan (50 Russian Roubles)
(1915)
- State Short-Term Loan (100 Russian Roubles)
(1915)
- State Short-Term Loan (500 Russian Roubles)
(1915)
- State Short-Term Loan (1000 Russian Roubles)
(1915)
- State Short-Term Loan (5000 Russian Roubles)
(1915)
- State Short-Term Loan (10000 Russian Roubles)
(1915)
- State Short-Term Loan (50 Russian Roubles)
(1916)
- State Short-Term Loan (100 Russian Roubles)
(1916)
- State Short-Term Loan (500 Russian Roubles)
(1916)
- State Short-Term Loan (1000 Russian Roubles)
(1916)
- State Short-Term Loan (5000 Russian Roubles)
(1916)
- State Short-Term Loan (10000 Russian Roubles)
(1916)
- State Short-Term Loan (25000 Russian Roubles)
(1916)
(Languages) English & French & German &
Russian
1 bundle
RUI/17 - Bonds issued by companies "T"
(1882-1916)
Contents: bonds issued by the following companies -
- Tambov-Savatov (125 Gold Roubles) (1882)
- Tauris (187.50 Russian Roubles) (1913)
- Transcaucasian Railway (125 Gold Roubles) (1882)
- Transcaucasian Railway (625 Gold Roubles) (1882)
- Transcaucasian Railway (500 French Francs) (1890)
- Troitzk (20 Pounds
Sterling) (1910)
- Troitzk (100 Pounds
Sterling) (1910)
- Troitzk (500 Pounds
Sterling) (1910)
- Troitzk (20 Pounds
Sterling) (1913)
- Troitzk (100 Pounds
Sterling) (1913)
- Troitzk (500 Pounds
Sterling) (1913)
- Troitzker (100 Russian Roubles) (1916)
(Languages) English & French & German
& Russian
1 bundle
RUI/18 - Bonds issued by company "U"
(1916)
Contents: bonds issued by the following company -
- US Dollar Bonds (100 US Dollars) (1916)
- US Dollar Bonds (1000 US Dollars) (1916)
(Languages) English
1 bundle
RUI/19 - Bonds issued by companies "V"
(1885-1913)
Contents: bonds issued by the following company -
- Vilna (189 Russian Roubles) (1912)
- Vladikavkas (125 Gold
Roubles) (1885)
- Vladikavkas (125 Gold
Roubles) (1894)
- Vladikavkas (500 German Marks A) (1895)
- Vladikavkas (500 German Marks B) (1895)
- Vladikavkas (1000 German Marks) (1895)
- Vladikavkas (2000 German Marks) (1895)
- Vladikavkas (500 German Marks) (1897)
- Vladikavkas (1000 German Marks) (1897)
- Vladikavkas (2000 German Marks) (1897)
- Vladikavkas (500 German Marks) (1898)
- Vladikavkas (1000 German Marks) (1898)
- Vladikavkas (2000 German Marks) (1898)
- Vladikavkas (1000 US
Dollars) (1900)
- Vladikavkas I (500 German Marks) (1909)
- Vladikavkas I (1000 German Marks) (1909)
- Vladikavkas (2000 German Marks) (1909)
- Vladikavkas (500 German Marks) (1912)
- Vladikavkas (1000 German Marks) (1912)
- Vladikavkas (2000 German Marks) (1912)
- Vladikavkas (500 German Marks) (1913)
- Vladikavkas (1000 German Marks) (1913)
- Vladikavkas (2000 German Marks) (1913)
- Volga-Bugulma (500 French Francs) (1910)
- Volga-Bugulma I (187.50 Russian Roubles) (1908)
(Languages) English & French & German &
Russian
1 bundle
RUI/20 - Bonds issued by companies "W"
(1860-1912)
Contents: bonds issued by the following company -
- Warsaw-Vienna (125
Gold Roubles) (1890)
- Warsaw-Vienna (625
Gold Roubles) (1890)
- Warsaw-Vienna
(1250 Gold Roubles) (1890)
- Warsaw-Vienna I (500 French Francs) (1860)
- Warsaw-Vienna 9
(125 Gold Roubles) (1894)
- Warsaw-Vienna 9
(625 Gold Roubles) (1894)
- Warsaw-Vienna 9
(1250 Gold Roubles) (1894)
- Warsaw-Vienna 10
(500 German Marks) (1901)
- Warsaw-Vienna 10
(1000 German Marks) (1901)
- Warsaw-Vienna 10
(2000 German Marks) (1901)
- Warsaw-Vienna 11
(500 German Marks) (1901)
- Warsaw-Vienna 11
(1000 German Marks) (1901)
- Warsaw-Vienna 11
(2000 German Marks) (1901)
- West-Ural (500 French Francs) (1912)
- Wolmar (20 Pounds
Sterling) (1910)
- Wolmar (100 Pounds
Sterling) (1910)
(Languages) English & French & German
& Russian
1 bundle
RUI/21 - Bonds issued by company "Y"
(1911)
Contents: bonds issued by the following company -
- Yalta
(187.50 Russian Roubles) (1911)
(Languages) French & Russian
1 bundle
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