Chinese Gold Bar Photos – Lost in Translation

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Published : September 11th, 2016
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China is now in pole position as regards annual global gold mining output. Much if not all of Chinese domestic gold mining output is refined into standard gold by Shanghai Gold Exchange (SGE) approved refiners and then and sold through the SGE.  A lot of recycled gold in China also flows through the same refineries. As of 2013, there were at least 35 refiners across China accredited by the SGE to deliver gold ‘Ingots’ (bars of weights 12.5 kg, 3 kg and 1 kg) on the Exchange. The list is probably longer now, and although the sheer scale of the Chinese gold refining sector is hard to keep track of, you get the picture as to its size.

It was therefore surprising that recently, while working on a particular task that required images of gold bars produced by Chinese refiners, I found that the selection of Chinese branded gold bar images on ‘the web’ (i.e. Google.com) seemed extremely limited. As it turns out, there are many many images of Chinese brand gold bars, you just need to know how and where to look. Nearly all of these images have never been seen before in “Western search engines”.

The ‘limited results’ Approach

Some of the large Chinese gold refineries are owned by, or affiliated with, large Chinese gold mining companies. My first approach was to first determine the largest gold mining companies in China:

  • China National Gold Group Corporation, also known as China Gold or CNG. CNG’s major gold mining asset is Zhongjin Gold. CNG also has a 39% stake in “China Gold International Resources Corporation” which is basically its international arm (it also mines gold in China).

The 3 next biggest Chinese gold mining companies are as follows. I’m not sure about how they rank in terms of positions 2-4, but probably in this order:

Using the names of these gold mining companies, we can see which of them refine their own bars. Taking a look at some of the main Chinese gold refineries reveals the following refining companies are owned by the miners, so its looks like they all refine their own gold bars, as would be expected:

  • Zhongyuan Gold Smelter of Zhongjin GoldCorporation,SanmenxiaCity [owned by China Gold Corp]
  • Zijin Mining Group Company, Shanghang
  • Shandong Gold Mining Company, Laizhou City
  • Shandong Zhaojin Gold and Silver Refinery Company, Zhaoyuan City

There are 9 Chinese gold refineries accredited to the London Bullion Market Association’s (LBMA) Good Delivery List for gold. This list, which is analogous to an A-List, includes gold refiners around the world which produce large gold bars (400 oz), and whose production meets the very high quality standards laid down by the LBMA. Only Japan, with 11 gold refineries on the LBMA list, has a higher number than China. Russia has 8 of its gold refineries on the LBMA list.

The above refineries of Zhongyuan, Zijin, Shandong Gold, and Shandong Zhaojin are on this LBMA Good Delivery list.  With 4 accredited refineries on the LBMA list, one might think that photos  / images of the gold bars of these refineries are easy to find. Next step is to see if any images of these refiners’ gold bars are available “on the web”. The short answer is that a few images are available, but they seem to be very rare and not saved very widely.

sge-2011-top-10-refinersShanghai Gold Exchange – 2011 Top 10 gold refiners supplying SGE

1. Zhongyuan Gold Smelter

LBMA bar mark description – “Current Bar Mark:Circular logo round Chinese character with CHN GOLD below.

zhongyuan-gold-smelter

The above image is taken from page 10 of a Gold Bars Worldwide brochure here, which is titled “Shanghai Good Delivery Gold Ingots and Bars”, published by Grendon International Research Pty Ltd, in November 2014.

(Notice the bar mark in the image says CHNGOLD and SGE).

2. Zijin Mining Group Company

LBMA bar mark description – “Current Bar Mark:Double crescent logo with ZIJIN MINING in Roman and Chinese characters. Circular assay mark with ZIJIN MINING in Roman and Chinese characters.

zijin-small

This is a ZIJIN ‘double cresent’ bar. Notice the SGE marking. Again, the image is taken from page 10 of the same GoldBars Worldwide brochure here, as it only seemed to be found there. The photographs in this brochure were actually supplied to Grendon by the refineries. ps: Page 6 of this brochure has a list of Chinese gold refineries which was sourced from the 2013 SGE annual report (Chinese version).

Note: if you look in the pdf in the link, the GoldBars Worldwide brochure actually labels this bar image as a Henan Zhongyuan bar which looks wrong. But the double crescent shows that it’s actually a ZIJIN bar, as per another Zijin bar on page 9 of the same brochure.

3. Shandong Gold Mining Company

LBMA bar mark description – “Current Bar Mark:Circle surrounded by TAISHAN in Roman and Chinese characters within a square comprising four stylised S’s.”

Conveniently, a Shandong Gold bar is on the BullionStar site here, which Koos Jansen used to illustrate SGE bar markings.

koos-sge-bar-small-hi-res

Notice the circle, the SGE marking, and the ‘Taishan’ marking in the above image.

4. Shandong Zhaojin Gold

LBMA bar mark description - “Current Bar Mark:Triangle with two interlocking half circles and ZHAOJIN in Chinese characters within the triangle.”

The only images I could find of Shandong Zhaojin bar were these ones, from the Shandong Zhaojin Import and Export Co Ltd website:

24hGold - Chinese Gold Bar Pho...

shandong-zhaojin-two

Notice the SGE markings. Notice also the Shandong Zhaojin bar logo is the same as the Shandong Zhaojin company logo:

 24hGold - Chinese Gold Bar Pho...

Does Shandong Zhaojin Import and Export Co Ltd export gold? On its website, its claims to export gold, although I find this surprising due to China’s strict gold export rules. Perhaps they mean gold exports as part of the processing trade gold exports.

In conclusion, the above search exercise led to the conclusion that Chinese gold bar photos are very hard to find…at least on English-speaking internet sites.

The ‘Motherlode’ Approach

The very limited search results above suggested a different approach was needed. Like a lot of people, I’d heard about the Google Chinese site http://www.google.cn, and its re-consolidation to operate from http://www.google.com.hk a few years ago. I had also vaguely heard of Baidu.com, the Chinese search engine, but had never had the need to use it.

I consulted with Koos Jansen here at BullionStar.  Koos advised the following approach: “Get the Chinese names of the refineries, and search Baidu”. Seems pretty obvious in hindsight…

For non-Chinese speakers, like myself, there are 2 ways to establish the Chinese names of the refineries. The first is to use a refinery’s website. This works most conveniently with dual-language websites, and it goes without saying that it only works if the Chinese refinery (or mining company) actually has a website, which isn’t always the case. The second approach is to use a Shanghai Gold Exchange list of SGE members names in English alongside the names in Chinese characters. Such a list can be seen here.

Not to put too fine a point on it, but the results of using this approach in Baidu are astounding, compared to using Google.com. There are huge amounts of gold bar image results for the refiners. Here’s a flavor:

Zhongyuan Gold Smelter – owned by Zhongjin Gold

China Gold aka Zhongjin Gold = 中金黃金

gold bar = 金條

Search in Baidu image search (http://image.baidu.com) for “中金黃金” 金條

LBMA description – Circular logo round Chinese character with CHN GOLD below

china-gold-gold-bars

china-gold-2

china-gold-3

Zijin Mining

Zijin Mining = “紫金矿业

gold bar = 金條

Search in Baidu for “紫金矿业金條

LBMA description  – Double crescent logo with ZIJIN MINING in Roman and Chinese characters.

zijin-gold

zijin-gold-2

zijin-gold-3

These Zijin Mining gold bar images were sourced from here.

Shandong Gold

Shandong Gold “东黄金

gold bar = 金條

Search for “东黄” 金條

Baidu image search for Shandong Gold Group mostly retrieves gold bars for a brand called SD Gold, which is a ‘Shandong Gold’ bar brand:

sd-gold-shandong

shandong-gold

To retrieve images for the Shandong Gold Mining Company bars with the “Taishan” design, you need to search for

Shangdong Gold Mining Company “东黄金矿业股份有限

Gold Bar 金條

Taishan 新寧

Search Baidu for  “东黄金矿业股份有限”  金條  新寧

shandong-gold-taishan

This image is sourced from Chinese gold site http://ccne.mofcom.gov.cn, which is a Ministry of Commerce site called ‘China Commodities’ which looks like a reseller site, which contains various listings of different gold bars such as this list.

Shandong Zhaojin

Shandong Zhaojin “东招金

gold bar = 金條

Search for “东招金” 金條

LBMA bar mark description -“Triangle with two interlocking half circles and ZHAOJIN in Chinese characters within the triangle.”

zhaojin-1

shandong-zhaojin

How does Google Hong Kong perform?

Searches for Zhongyuan Gold (China National Gold), Zijin Mining, Shandong Gold and Shandong Zhaojin using  Google Hong Kong  (English version) bring back very limited bar image results, mostly images from Gold Bars Worldwide brochures.

The Chinese equivalent name searches in Google Hong Kong (Chinese language) being back reasonable gold bar image results for each of the 4 refiners, but not nearly as many as for Baidu. For example, Google HK Chinese version, finds the below Zhaojin image in a directory called http://www.zhaojin.cn/imageRepository, which Google.com draws a blank on.

However, based on this quick overview, it would appear that Baidu provides the most comprehensive results for gold bar images of Chinese gold refiners.

zhaojin-22

With China an increasingly critical part of the world gold market, its gold bar brands (and photos of said bars) still do not appear to have registered more than a ripple outside of China. On the surface this is odd, but it makes sense given that a) China doesn’t generally allow gold bars to be exported so few outside of China ever see a Chinese gold bar, and b) the structure of the international search engine market i.e. China (Baidu) vs non-China (Google). Mote importantly, non-Chinese readers with the frequent or infrequent need to throw an image of a Chinese gold bar into their blog posts or tweets now have no excuse to keep recycling the same old images that are picked up in Google.com search results. With Baidu image search, the world of Chinese gold bars opens considerably.

Ronan Manly
E-mail Ronan Manly on:
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Ronan Manly is an investment professional and research analyst with an interest in the monetary gold market. He is currently working as a consultant precious metals analyst for BullionStar Singapore. Ronan’s studies have included financial and economics related undergraduate and masters degrees at University College Dublin and London Business School. His career has spanned roles in portfolio management, stockbroking, and technology, working for companies including Dimensional Fund Advisors and Morgan Stanley. Since 2014, he has been writing a well-received blog on the BullionStar website addressing various aspects of the global gold market.
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