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Imperialism and Anti-Imperialism

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Published : August 22nd, 2013
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Beginning on September 9, Mises Academy presents “Imperialism and Anti-Imperialism,” a five-week course taught by Dr. Thomas J. DiLorenzo.



Prof. DiLorenzo discusses the class and the nature of American imperialism:


For generations, American students have been taught that their government was a constitutional republic and, as such, is truly “exceptional.” So-called American exceptionalism is contrasted in the classroom first with the imperialistic British Empire from which the original colonists rebelled. From there, the student learns that a war was fought against the Spanish Empire in the late nineteenth century, and against the monarchical empires of Old Europe in World War I. The fascist empires of Germany and Japan were defeated in World War II, after which the U.S. government commenced a new war against the Soviet empire. With the demise of the Soviet Union, American exceptionalism was once again invoked to impose democracy at gunpoint all over the world in the name of peace. 


Through all of this, the United States government selflessly pursued nothing more than peace and freedom for the peoples of the world.


This standard narrative, in which the United States is the perennial instrument of liberty, is a lie. We must ask ourselves how the world’s biggest opponent of imperialism (supposedly) has become the biggest imperialistic empire the world has ever known. How does an “anti-imperialistic” government end up with hundreds of military bases spanning the entire globe, with “military command centers” on every continent, even including an “African Command” operated out of Germany?


Was William Graham Sumner right when he argued in is 1898 essay, “The Conquest of the United States by Spain,” that America itself had finally evolved into an imperialistic empire not unlike the Spanish Empire? The answer to this question is “yes and no.” Sumner was right about the nature of the U.S. government as of the turn of the twentieth century, but his timeline was off. The road to imperialism began many decades earlier.


The War of 1812 ignited what Justin Raimondo has called “the virus of imperialism” in America. It was not a defensive war but an attempt to conquer Canada. The American Secretary of War predicted that no soldiers would be needed, that the appearance of a few American military officers would be met with cheers and flowers. The real result was a war in which the British burned down the White House and much of Washington, D.C. It also created an excuse to resurrect the hated Bank of the United States, impose massive taxation, high tariffs, and corporate welfare. “We never really did get back to the pre-War level of minimal State power,” wrote Rothbard.


The 1846 Mexican War was an imperialistic attack on Mexican sovereignty that was so bold that it even motivated the one-term Congressman Abraham Lincoln to speak eloquently in defense of secession.


In 1860 the Republican Party had plans for a continental empire (and beyond) funded by high tariffs and a national bank and littered with corporate welfare for railroad corporations, among others. Their first legislative success, during the 1859-60 Congressional session, was to more than double the average tariff rate at a time when tariff revenue accounted for more than 90 percent of all federal tax revenue. After the lower South seceded, threatening to foil the Republican Party’s imperialistic designs, Lincoln threatened “invasion” and “bloodshed” (his exact words) in any state that failed to collect the newly-doubled tariff tax in his first inaugural address. And he kept his word.


Then there was Woodrow Wilson, who “set the entire pattern for foreign policy from 1917 to the present,” according to Rothbard, with his utopian plans to recreate Europe at gunpoint in the name of “democracy.” If today’s neocons, who control American foreign policy, are anything, they are Wilsonian fanatics.


Beginning on the evening of Monday, September 9, I will be teaching a five-week online Mises Academy course on Imperialism and Anti-imperialism featuring the writings and ideas of such scholars as Ludwig von Mises, Murray Rothbard, Hans-Hermann Hoppe, Joseph T. Salerno, Thomas E. Woods, Jr., Randolph Bourne, Robert Higgs, William Graham Sumner, Joseph Stromberg, and Justin Raimondo, among others (including myself). The economic and political nature of imperialism will be discussed, followed by discussions of American imperialism in action. The fallacies of the contemporary arguments for never-ending war — that “democracies” supposedly never fight wars with each other — will be exposed and the consequences of this philosophy and policy examined.


An important element of the course will be the study of the anti-imperialistic tradition in America — and in the world. This tradition acknowledges that, as Rothbard once wrote, “The State thrives on war ... expands on it, glories in it” as “the aggrandizement of State power crosses national boundaries into other States pushing other people around” as a sort of “foreign counterpart of the domestic aggression against the internal population.”


.Or as Ludwig von Mises wrote, under imperialism, “the individual no longer has value. He is valuable to [the state] only as a member of the whole, as a soldier of an army.” And as a payer of ever-increasing taxes, I would add. The “imperialistic peoples’ state,” Mises wrote, has a “lust for conquest” that is “unlimited,” and “foreign peoples are in its eyes not subjects but objects of policy.” Is there a more precise definition of American foreign policy over the past century?


Thomas DiLorenzo is professor of economics at Loyola University Maryland and a member of the senior faculty of the Mises Institute. He is the author of The Real Lincoln; Lincoln Unmasked; How Capitalism Saved America; and Hamilton's Curse: How Jefferson’s Archenemy Betrayed the American Revolution — And What It Means for Americans Today. Send him mail. See Thomas J. DiLorenzo's article archives.


You can subscribe to future articles by Thomas J. DiLorenzo via this RSS feed.


Source: Mises.org


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Thomas DiLorenzo is professor of economics at Loyola College, Maryland, and a senior fellow at the Ludwig von Mises Institute. He is the author or co-author of ten books, on subjects such as antitrust, group-interest politics, and interventionism generally
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As long as 24hr Gold reprints articles that have little to do with finance - gold and silver - I assume they wish and expect commentary pro and con and expect spirited debate (as has been the case!)

So..... DiLorenzo goes on and on about fascism and imperialism and all the misuse of power that goes with that. All that is well and true and most who frequent this site would agree. The question is why does DiLorenzo so rant? What is motivating him? At the end of the article he quotes the following from Ludwig von Mises: "Or as Ludwig von Mises wrote, under imperialism, “the individual no longer has value."

So it is clear that DiLorenzo's criticisms of fascism and imperialism are based on their violations of individual rights -- and rightly so. This issue is valid for our time: the violations of individual rights increasing at an alarming rate under both recent Republican and Democratic Administrations.

However, when it comes to the violations of individual rights under the southern slave system, DiLorenzo in article after article is strangely silent. Why so great a silence? It appears that the craggy figure of President Abraham Lincoln stands in his way. You see, to destroy slavery in America, Lincoln had no choice but to destroy the southern states, who had initiated the violence. It was either respond to aggression with aggression or to allow the expansion of that horrendous institution into newly formed states -- as Democratic Stephen Douglas and all the Southern politicians wished to do with the passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act.

DiLorenzo's diatribes against Lincoln are against the means that Lincoln chose to use. Apparently, if DiLorenzo had to chose between allowing a slave state to exist and taking action against said slave state, he would without hesitation take the former course. To him, and the intellectual minds tethered to Lew Rockwell, the right of a state to allow violations of human rights is inviolate since no outside power has the moral authority to interfere. No other explanation is possible. DiLorenzo criticizes Lincoln for BOTH the violations of individual rights in the North and for responding to force (attack on Fort Sumter) with force. The former critique of Lincoln may be valid (especially conscription); the later is not.

The Declaration of Independence allows for state secession but only when said states are having the rights of their citizens violated, and is clearly spelled out by Jefferson. No such condition existed in any southern state. In fact, it was the southern states doing the violating and Lincoln had the right to respond to force with force. He recognized the basic issue involved (the evil of slavery) and eventually ended that institution after the insurrection was put down with the 13th Amendment.

It is either honest intellectual and moral confusion (not seeing the forest for the trees) on DiLorenzo's part or the other -- that he is rationalizing slavery. I give and have given DiLorenzo the benefit of the doubt and ascribe his mental state to the former.

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Jim C. Once again you prove your lack of historical facts.

The Civil War was about Northern demands for southern cotton. The doubling of tariffs was to force the price of cotton so high that the only buyers left would be those mills in the north that didn't have to pay the tariff. The nation's bills were already getting paid, but northern republicans (elected and business leaders) wanted to increase the size of government. The Civil War accomplished that quite handsomely.

Next, during the campaign between Lincoln and Douglas, good ole honest (?) Abe made it quit clear that he had no problem with slavery.

You really need to read some unrevised history. Always remember, the victor writes the history and sanitizes it. Ergo we read little about the rape and pillage of the south by Sherman's Army on their march to the sea. We get only a brief overview of how many deaths and cripples the war created. Few ever talk about the bankrupting of the north and south. Nobody talks about Lincoln suspending Habeas Corpus (albeit permitted under the Constitution under certain circumstances) that resulted in the arrest and deportation of Vallandigham for speaking out against Lincoln and his republican cronies. You barely mention conscription that resulted in severe hardships for the northern families. I contend Lincoln was the worse POTUS this nation has ever been forced to endure.

Next, you need to study logic. Your rant over slavery is a red herring argument. I admit that I can drift on subject, but wow dude. You just can't stop dragging up the slavery issue every time DiLorenzo posts anything.

Slavery was already on its way out and in just a couple more decades would have eliminated itself with the rise of the industrial revolution and its affect down on the farm.

This is 2013, slavery was eliminated in 1865 by the XIIIth Amendment. After almost 150 years, you are ranting? Either you are almost as old as Methuselah or not old enough to have discarded the hero-worship propaganda espoused in the US educational system.

You rant about pre-1865 slavery and say nothing about the current slavery of everyone being a communitarian asset of the U.S. Each of us is owned by the Imperial Government of the USA. Piss em off and they fly a drone up your butt like they did in Yemen without due process. Any income you make overseas is taxable by the US if you attempt to bring the money into the US. Any transfer of your money to overseas destinations is monitored and suspect.

The US has amply proven since the Wilson regime that we are the modern day colonizers. We fight aggression world-wide if there is money to be made. Should we win, we establish military bases in those countries and stay forever. We have military bases in most countries of the world. Do you contend that the US is NOT imperialist? Do you contend that all of those countries we have bases in are serious threats to the US? Should we buy some guns and ammunition to protect ourselves from an invasion by Italy, Turkey or Puerto Rico?

War is highly profitable and assures re-election. Military colonization assures local businesses high profits and tacit loyalty. Have you ever seen what designating a town Off-Limits to the military does? Have you ever seen the town's management crawl to the post commander and plea to have that designation removed? War, rumors of war and the war machine is a monetary gravy train.

I get the idea that you just want to silence DiLorenzo and others. I suggest we encourage them to have their say and then present a counter argument based upon facts and logic. A person demonstrates their incompetence if they can't argue both sides of a controversy effectively. Of course this means reigning in a person's passion aka emotional outbursts. DiLorenzo only pointed out that the US has become a the last colonial power.

I'll leave you with this thought. The only reason we take kids into military service is because they lack the wisdom derived from experience. They still carry the hero-worship and American Exceptionalism nonsense instilled in them during the state-sponsored educational process. In simplish, the kids don't know they are just tools of Imperialistic America to be discarded during and after usage. I was a soldier for a major portion of my life and experienced the harsh reality. It is profits that greases the wheels of imperialism.

When facts and logic become overwhelming to an argument, Samuel Johnson said it best, "Patriotism is the last refuge of scoundrels." Imperial USA is what it is until the world decides otherwise.

As per you lead in:
"As long as 24hr Gold reprints articles that have little to do with finance -gold, and silver - I assume they wish and expect commentary pro and con and expect spirited debate (as has been the case!)"

Rampant inflation of the USD will result in the world dumping US T-bills. And thus endeth US imperialism. We no longer are a leading manufacturing nation. We import food. US gold bullion assets are questionable. So directly and indirectly this article by DiLorenzo does apply to the world of international finance. I do tend to think DiLorenzo is not entirely correct and perhaps exaggerates or embellishes the known facts. However that is common amongst all commentaries by all authors. I haven't met any completely dispassionate authors or heard of any that were successful either.
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Jim, seriously this is getting out of hand. How many times has this been discussed, that DiLorenzo wants to write about Lincoln and not the south with its many issues. You state, again "However, when it comes to the violations of individual rights under the southern slave system, DiLorenzo in article after article is strangely silent." Why do you chastise him for writing about Lincoln if that's what he wants to write about? Do you also frequent other forums wherein people write only about the disgusting actions of the south and chastise them for not also taking issue with Lincoln and his imperialistic ways? Get this through your head already, DiLorenzo wants to write about Lincoln, end of, no more, no less. If he ever decides to write about the south then that's what he'll do. But if he does will you then also rant on about how he's not writing about Lincoln??? He has chosen to write about Lincoln, others have chosen to write about the south. Don’t go after him for his choice of topic, that’s the authors right, to present a one sided (in your mind) discussion. Your right is to agree or disagree. If you disagree on the topic then please contribute to the discussion based on the topic at hand, dragging in extraneous stuff like slavery only takes the discussion off course and you look like an idiot for doing so.

I know you have a deep seated love for Lincoln and wish to avoid seeing anything in print that removes the shiny veneer his memory enjoys but the more drivel you keep throwing out every time DiLorenzo posts you come across as a desperate supporter without the ability to see the topic as it was presented. Ask yourself this, if you stopped protesting everything DiLorenzo writes would it really have any effect on Lincolns memory? Does the fact that you desperately protest every time he writes actually have a negative effect on Lincolns legacy? You may think you have a positive effect but you don’t. You come across as a propaganda machine and nothing more. You are seriously damaging the man’s legacy. If DiLorenzo were to ever write about how glorious the south was, slavery and all then by all means tear the man a new one, you won’t be the only one. In the meantime, please Jim C keep yourself focused on the topic. You’ll garner a lot more respect and might even enjoy being part of an actual discussion of the topic rather than be labeled with various names.
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Here's a wild idea Jim, why don't you attend this 5 week online course and when the opportunity presents itself ask him why he exclusively writes about Lincoln and never mentions the south in 24hgold commentaries?

Take the opportunity to personally ask him instead of sniping in these threads. Act on your irritation and use that forum to ask questions that don't belong in here.

If you really want answers then do this. In here you look like a republican monkey bashing at a keyboard.
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Helloo Jim, my favorite monomaniac! Luckily, our monomania overlap!
I am impressed with the stretches of logic to get to our favorite subject! "The individual no longer has value" becomes the violation of individual rights of Southern slaves. Wow! The problem is, because African slave importation in the U.S.ended around 1814, the individual slave had a lot of value. A slave was probably the single most valuable piece of living property someone could own. As such, they were generally treated reasonably well. It varied from state to state, but, if the work was hazardous, an Irishman was hired to do it instead, because negroes were valuable.

Was Southern slavery an evil? I believe it was. I have read nothing that DiLorenzo has written that indicates to me he believes otherwise. Was it a violation of individual rights? I believe it. You believe it. DiLorenzo believes it. Lincoln believed it. He said in a speech in the 1850's that slavery violated the principle of government by consent outlined in the Declaration of Independence.

Now, ending the evil. That is the question. You state DiLorenzo's writings are critical of the means Lincoln chose to use to end slavery. In this you are correct. Killing 750,000 people in order to subject 4 million people and their descendants to another century and a half of legal and social discrimination, oppression, imprisonment was not the wisest move on his part.

Yet, you believe "Lincoln had no choice but to destroy the southern states, who had initiated the violence" in order to end slavery.
Really? He had no choice?

The ship, STAR OF THE WEST was sent by President Buchanan in January of 1861 to resupply Fort Sumter. This was a couple of weeks after South Carolina declared secession. South Carolina fired on the ship. The ship retreated. Buchanan didn't declare war. It appears he had a choice. Lincoln had a choice. South Carolina, which had seceded, asked to negotiate with Lincoln to take possession of the fort. Lincoln could have handed it to South Carolina without a shot fired. He became president in March. On March 11, 1861, Lincoln sent troops to Fort Pickens in Florida, which had seceded the preceding January. This was the initiation of violence. Even so, war was not Lincoln's choice. The power to declare war belongs to the Congress, not the President.

But at that point, only seven of the fifteen slave states had seceded. If it was all about slavery, why had the other eight not left the Union? Assuming slavery was the reason President Lincoln went to war, despite the fact he repeatedly said and wrote it was not, was that really the only way to have ended slavery in the South? Jim, you say war was the only means. Was it? Ezra Pound once said a slave is someone who waits for someone else to come and free him. With the Confederacy a separate country, the U.S. states were no longer bound by the Constitution and federal law to return fugitive slaves from Confederate states. Could not Lincoln have allowed the slave states to secede and then offered refuge to any slave that could cross into the U.S.? Would the slaves not have freed themselves without a war? In this way, the Declaration's principle of consent been fulfilled for both the slaves and the states.

You state that secession is only allowed when the rights of citizens are violated. However, that was, you believe, not the case when South Carolina seceded. Read the articles of secession. South Carolina lists the violation of Article IV of the Constitution as a reason for secession. She also lists unequal treatment with regards to the settling of the territories. After the attack at Harpers Ferry, VA, fugitives from justice involved in the murders there were not surrendered to VA for trial, but were, instead, given refuge but Nothern states. The Republican Party had shown by its actions that it believed murder was less an evil that slavery. I think murder constitutes a violation of citizens' rights. In any case, the States formed the Union, not the other way around. The States could therefore unmake it. A decision to secede is nobody's but the people of the state to make. You might not think secession is justified, but it is only the opinion of the people that counts. The Union was created to serve the states that created it. If it ceased to serve its purpose, in the opinion of the people of a state, it is free to leave, just as it had freely joined.

In arguing these points, nobody is rationalizing slavery. The right of a state to secede is an issue separate from the hoary institution of slavery. Slavery preceded the colonies. It preceded the republic. DiLorenzo does not rationalize slavery. Nor does he rationalize murder. I don't think owning a negro slave in 1860 is something to murder someone over. Surely another approach could be found. Don't you agree? Britain didn't go to war to end slavery. Brazil didn't either. I think the U.S. and Haiti were only ones that had to resort to it. If Lincoln wanted to end slavery in the worst way, he certainly accomplished that. The problem is, slavery was not the issue; Keeping the South in the Union in order to transfer its wealth to the North was the point. That being said, since slavery is long past, is it OK for states to leave the Union, now?
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DiLorenzo and others constantly refer to the Declaration of Independence as the authority for states to secede from the Union. Here is what the Declaration says about the matter:

"We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.--That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed, --That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness. Prudence, indeed, will dictate that Governments long established should not be changed for light and transient causes; and accordingly all experience hath shewn, that mankind are more disposed to suffer, while evils are sufferable, than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed. But when a long train of abuses and usurpations, pursuing invariably the same Object evinces a design to reduce them under absolute Despotism, it is their right, it is their duty, to throw off such Government, and to provide new Guards for their future security.--Such has been the patient sufferance of these Colonies; and such is now the necessity which constrains them to alter their former Systems of Government. The history of the present King of Great Britain is a history of repeated injuries and usurpations, all having in direct object the establishment of an absolute Tyranny over these States. To prove this, let Facts be submitted to a candid world."

There is nothing in Jefferson's document that even comes close to supporting the secession of the southern states in 1860. The 'secession' was in fact an insurrection to protect the southern institution of slavery pure and simple. The south was the initiator of violence and no amount of quibbling about troops being moved here or there can change that. The south with the passage of the Kansas-Nebraska was eager to expand its slave territory -- and no amount of quibbling can change that either.

As for damning Lincoln for the enormous loss of life -- no one at the time expected the war to last for any length of time.

You closed by saying, "The problem is, slavery was not the issue; Keeping the South in the Union in order to transfer its wealth to the North was the point." The issue was always slavery, the debate and animosity between North and South, Abolitionists and Slavers, building up for decades and being fought on the ground (in Kansas/Nebraska and by John Brown) and in the Supreme Court as well.
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This is your rebuttal to Pappy? Pathetic. Just another opinion and with no evidence to back it up.
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The evidence I have is the Declaration of Independence. Ever read it?
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This isn't just another opinion, this is Jim C with another one of his logins. He really is beyond help. No amount of evidence will ever alter this persons thinking. Evidence, logic, facts, historical documents, it's all just noise to Jim C. Once he believes in something there is nothing under then sun that he will can make him suspect that what he believes is false. Kind of like a pit bull, once locked on its near impossible to remove the beast other than to shoot it for it will accept nothing else beyond what it has in it's mind no matter if this means it dies.
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"As for damning Lincoln for the enormous loss of life -- no one at the time expected the war to last for any length of time. "

Well doesn't that just absolve the war criminal Lincoln then? No one expected the war to last long enough for three quarters of a million people to die! Well lady dee da, to bad for the people who were slain, just as long as old Abe got control of the south. That's pathetic!

Jim C, you are one sick individual who has repeatedly shown a complete lack of judgment or remorse for the people Lincoln killed. One day this will catch up with you.
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"Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed, --That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness."

Odd isn't it? "... deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed, ..."
Just because I consent to let you borrow my pick-up today does not imply it is permanent consent.

"... it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, ..."
Secession is abolishing. This is the United (that means voluntary association) States (in international law, a State is a self-governing entity aka country) of America. In other words, think of the USA as the blueprint for the European Union. A union of independent states that slowly but assuredly has their independence stripped from them for the common good of the Union. It is called communitarianism.

Just what part of the DoI do you fail to understand?
Then you fail to consider that the DoI has absolutely nothing to do with the Constitution. 4 July 1776
Along came the Articles of Confederation 15 November 1777
Then the Constitution was ratified 21 July 1788
But along came the first 10 Amendments aka Bill of Rights on 15 Dec 1791

The Xth Amendment is the key.
The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people.

Whereas there is nothing prohibiting secession in the Constitution. It has been claimed that the prohibition is implied by Article I section 8 phrase regarding "suppress insurrections" , Article I section 9 regarding "suspension of Habeas Corpus during Rebellion" and Article IV section 3 regarding "New States admitted ... Congressional power to ... territory."

Some drag in the second paragraph of Article VI regarding treaties as further evidence of implied elimination of the right of secession. Their crippled argument on this one uses the inference that a treaty binds all parties and their constituent parts ergo, you can't secede and refuse to abide by the treaty.

Bubba, you have no argument beyond Lincoln's "Might makes Right." That seemed to have worked out just fine for him at Ford's Theater.

Please consider Amendment I and especially the last phrase of the sentence. "... to petition the Government for a redress of grievances."
redress, n,1. the setting right of what is wrong, 2. compensation or satisfaction for a wrong or injury. ...

Then why Amendment II? Aka "The right to keep and bear arms." The supporting documentation is readily available as to the why, see above paragraph. SCOTUS has ruled it means what it means.

You, and others, need to read, study and learn history. Step 1, toss out all the nonsense your teacher, your parents and your politicians told you. If you begin a course of study with a strong bias in place, you will learn nothing. Is is said that you don't ever know a subject until you can effectively argue either side.

I'll leave you with this thought. The USA and its Constitution came into existence to protect property rights. Lincoln's war was a successful attack and usurpation of property rights. The wealth of the south was either destroyed or transferred to the north by pillaging and bureaucrats. That wealth transfer is well documented.

Although I support the right of secession, it must be the absolute last conceivable solution. For even when successful, it carries real, substantial and unforeseen long-term risks.
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Thanks for clearing that up Pappy. Now maybe, just maybe Jim C will reconsider his attacks on DiLorenzo but I suspect he wont. For Jim it seems this is more about shooting holes in DiLorenzo than exposing the truth.
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"Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed, --That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Go  Read more
overtheedge - 8/24/2013 at 7:27 PM GMT
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